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The Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) test is specifically designed to detect the presence of endotoxins, which are toxic substances released from the outer membrane of certain bacteria. This test utilizes the blood cells of the horseshoe crab, which contain a clotting factor that reacts to endotoxins. When endotoxins are present in a sample, the LAL reagent undergoes a change, indicating contamination which is crucial for ensuring the safety of medical devices and pharmaceuticals. The accuracy of this test makes it invaluable in the medical field, especially in monitoring products that can enter the human body, as endotoxins can lead to serious health complications such as fever and septic shock.

In contrast, other testing options mentioned, such as assessing blood sugar levels, kidney function, or measuring blood pH levels, do not relate to the purpose of the LAL test, which is strictly focused on endotoxin detection.